On April 20, 2026, Hong Kong Secretary for Justice Mr Paul Lam, SC, and Supreme People’s Court Vice-president Justice Mao Zhonghua signed the “Arrangement on Mutual Service of Judicial Documents in Civil and Commercial Proceedings between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region”. This “New Arrangement” updates a framework that has
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China Overhauls Arbitration Law for Global Alignment
On September 12, 2025, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress adopted a comprehensive revision of China’s Arbitration Law. Marking the first major legislative overhaul since the original law took effect in 1995, the updated statute comprises 96 articles across eight chapters and entered into force on March 1, 2026. Key updates align
Foreign Judgments in Mozambique through the Lens of the Enforcement of a Chinese Judgment: Liberal Practice in the Shadow of Statutory Rigidity
This article was originally published in Conflict of Laws.net and is reproduced with the consent of the author Dr. Béligh Elbalti (The University of Osaka, Japan).
I. Introduction
The purpose of this note is to briefly introduce the recognition and enforcement regime in Mozambique based on a recent case decided by the Mozambican Supreme Court
Chinese Judgments Go Global: Emerging Systemic Challenges and Confidence Deficit
This article was originally published in Transnational Litigation Blog and is reproduced with the consent of the authors, Dr. Wenliang Zhang and Dr. Meng Yu.
Over the past decade, many jurisdictions have witnessed a marked increase in cases involving the cross-border recognition and enforcement of judgments. This trend reflects the practical need to recover debts
Judicial Pragmatism in Cross-Border Service: China's Supreme Court Tackles Service Evasion in Patent Dispute Involving Amazon
[Abstract]
In the case of Amazon Joyo v. CNIPA & Seletech et al. (2024), China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) addressed the procedural hurdles of serving an elusive foreign litigant in an intellectual property dispute. By integrating the Hague Service Convention with domestic civil procedure, the SPC validated a non-hierarchical, multi-track service strategy. This commentary analyzes
China’s Top Court Defines Legal Boundaries for Data Rights
On 28 Aug. 2025, China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) released its 47th batch of guiding cases, marking the first time China’s top court has issued a set specifically focused on the judicial protection of data rights. The six cases cover critical legal frontiers, including data ownership, unfair competition, and personal information protection. As data
China’s Xiamen Launches Personal Bankruptcy Law, First Case Filed
Xiamen’s People’s Congress passed the Personal Bankruptcy Protection Regulations for the Xiamen Special Economic Zone (“厦门经济特区个人破产保护条例”) on 26 Aug. 2025, with the law taking effect on November 1. This marks the second local personal bankruptcy law in mainland China, following Shenzhen’s similar measure that began in March 2021. The legislation aims to fill a long-standing
Australia NSW Court Enforces Chinese Judgment Against Guarantor Directly
Key takeaways:
In February 2025, the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Australia, ruled to enforce a Chinese monetary judgment in Yangpu Huigu Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited v He [2025] NSWSC 28.
- The Australian court applied common law principles (as China is not covered by the statutory reciprocity regime) and confirmed that the Chinese judgment met
China MOJ Boosts World-Class Arbitration Institutions
On 31 July 2025, China’s Ministry of Justice (MOJ) convened a symposium on foreign-related arbitration in Beijing, launching a program to nurture world-class international arbitration institutions with Chinese characteristics. In the first round, 22 arbitration institutions were selected as for targeted development.
China’s arbitration landscape has expanded significantly, now encompassing 285 institutions and a pool
China Intensifies Crackdown on Non-Compliance with Court Judgments
On 10 June 2025, China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC), Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP), and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the “Opinions on Handling Criminal Cases of Refusing to Comply with Judgments and Rulings” (关于办理拒不执行判决、裁定刑事案件若干问题的意见, hereinafter the “Opinions”), which took effect on 1 July 2025.
The Opinions clarify the specific responsibilities of the