We often receive questions about whether different types of bonus plans and nonqualified deferred compensation plans (NQDC plans) are subject to ERISA. We explain that being subject to ERISA may be a good thing for an NQDC plan, particularly with respect to resolving disputes and claims for benefits. Even if it is questionable whether an NQDC plan is subject to ERISA (i.e., because it arguably does not provide retirement benefits or covers only one person), sometimes it might make sense to include ERISA claims procedures and file a top hat letter. A recent case—Wilson v. Safelite Grp., Inc.—in which the Sixth Circuit held that ERISA preempts state contract and tort law claims, illustrates the benefits of being an ERISA plan.

This case was particularly notable because it also involved violations of Internal Revenue Code Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and related guidance (Code Section 409A). While the issue in the case was whether the plan was subject to ERISA, we want to focus on two other important items that may not as easily be noticed. One is the limits of a Code Section 409A “savings clause” in an NQDC plan. The other is the importance of following ERISA claims procedures with respect to NQDC plans.