On February 25, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an executive order titled “Making America Healthy Again by Empowering Patients with Clear, Accurate, and Actionable Healthcare Pricing Information” (the “2025 Order”) aiming to provide increased transparency regarding the pricing of health care services.  This executive order builds upon a prior executive order issued during President Trump’s first term in June 2019 (the “2019 Order”) that required hospitals to disclose to consumers pricing information for certain “shoppable” health care items and services and maintain this pricing information in accessible, consumer-friendly formats.  The 2019 Order also mandated the establishment of rules requiring health care providers, health insurance issuers and self-insured group health plans to facilitate consumer access to information concerning expected out-of-pocket costs for health care items and services prior to receiving care.